Unfortunately, metabolic bone disease (MBD) is a common problem we see with our reptile patients.  This condition is almost exclusively preventable and is related to improper husbandry.  During our new reptile exams, we will extensively go over proper care, including diet, caging requirements, lighting, and more to ensure that your pet will be as healthy as possible.  If you have a new reptile, or if your reptile has never seen a veterinarian, it is important to get a routine checkup soon to make sure your pet is healthy.

MBD occurs when the body either is not getting enough calcium from the diet or when the body cannot metabolize calcium in the diet.  Calcium is extremely important and is necessary for proper bone and tooth development, heart function, and muscle function.  When there is not enough calcium in the bloodstream, it is taken out of developing bone.  In reptiles with MBD, the skeleton becomes rubbery because the bone density becomes so low.  The reptile's growth is stunted and secondary problems such as spontaneous fractures, seizures and mouthrot are common. 

The following symptoms are common with MBD:

• Rubbery jaw or nose
• Flattened nose
• Loose teeth
  
• Stunted growth, underweight
  
• Dull coloration
• Broken bones
  
• Scoliosis of the back or tail
  
• Deformed, domed or soft shell (turtles and tortoises)
• Small spines (lizards)
• Mouth infections
• Seizures
  

Usually clinical signs and response to treatment are all that is needed to diagnose MBD.  Bloodwork can confirm low blood calcium as well as other underlying conditions such as infection, kidney disease, and anemia.  X-rays will also show low bone density.

Treatment in the hospital usually consists of a calcium and vitamin injection and treatment for any underlying condition.  Long-term treatment consists of improving husbandry to ensure that adequate calcium is in the diet and that it can be utilized by the body.

Knowing the proper husbandry for your pet before any problems arise is the best way to prevent any illness in reptiles, and especially in the case of metabolic bone disease.  Each species has specific requirements for UVA/UVB lighting, diet, and caging.  Please schedule an appointment today to make sure your reptile is healthy!